Diabetes risk factors aren't limited to diet and body weight — what you breathe matters too. Here's the dose-response data on cigarettes and on ambient air pollution, and why both follow the same "more exposure, more risk" pattern.
Roughly six in ten people with type 2 diabetes also have a lipid disorder — and the figure climbs to over 93% when blood sugar is poorly controlled. Here's how the two conditions are connected, and what the reference ranges actually mean.
Not all calories carry the same diabetes risk. Two large meta-analyses put actual numbers on which foods push risk up and which pull it down — and the effective dose matters as much as the food itself.